http://10.9.150.37:8080/dspace//handle/atmiyauni/1413 2026-05-10T15:10:42Z http://10.9.150.37:8080/dspace//handle/atmiyauni/2326 Attenuation of Drug Induced Liver Toxicity by Targeted Therapy Verma, Brijesh Kumar; Dr. Debashis, Banerjee Liver toxicity remains a critical barrier in drug development and clinical therapeutics, with mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) recognized as a central mechanism driving drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Mitochondrial liabilities contribute substantially to compound attrition, postmarketing drug withdrawals, and regulatory restrictions. Chloramphenicol, despite its broadspectrum antimicrobial efficacy, has limited clinical use owing to its mitochondrial toxicity and associated hepatotoxic effects. In light of these challenges, this research investigates whether strategic combination therapy specifically with potent antioxidants can mitigate such adverse effects, potentially rescuing otherwise valuable drugs from late-stage failure or regulatory rejection. The study evaluates the hepatoprotective potential of two well-characterized antioxidants, Astaxanthin and Quercetin, against chloramphenicol-induced mitochondrial toxicity using integrated in-vitro and in-vivo models to elucidate mechanistic pathways and therapeutic efficacy.In the in-vitro component, HepG2 liver cells were cultured under galactose-adapted conditions to simulate enhanced mitochondrial reliance. Cells were exposed to chloramphenicol with or without co-treatment of Astaxanthin or Quercetin. Assays for ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of key mitochondrial genes (SOD2, NRF1, SURF1, TFAM, and UCP2) were performed. Results demonstrated significant ROS attenuation and mitochondrial gene expression recovery with antioxidant treatment, indicating mitigation of chloramphenicolinduced toxicity.In the in-vivo arm, male Wistar rats were administered chloramphenicol intraperitoneally, followed by oral antioxidant therapy. Biochemical markers including glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) were quantified to assess oxidative stress. Both antioxidants significantly restored GSH levels and reduced NO, with Quercetin showing slightly superior efficacy. This integrated study demonstrates that both Astaxanthin and Quercetin confer mitochondrial protection through modulation of oxidative stress and gene expression, suggesting their therapeutic potential as adjuncts in antibiotic-induced hepatotoxicity. Future investigations should focus on mechanistic insights, dose optimization, and clinical translation. 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z http://10.9.150.37:8080/dspace//handle/atmiyauni/2289 Genome Editing through CRISPR Cas9 for Improvement of Beta Carotene in Groundnut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)] Chovatiya, Ashish Vipulbhai; Joshi, Preetam Precise genome editing tools are emerging as promising technology for improving crop characteristics. The CRISPR/Cas9 as genome editing tool has proven a highly versatile and efficient for generating targeted breaks in DNA, double stranded breaks induced by this means are repaired either through error prone non homologous end joining or homology directed repair. The non-homologous end joining repair pathway cause numerous changes in DNA sequence such as substitution, insertion and deletion generating knock out or altered protein/ enzyme. In contrast to the NHEJ, HDR repairs DSBs through homologous recombination provided by a donor DNA template with homologous flanking sequence, which allows knock-in (KI) of targeted locus in genome. The main objective of the present study was to validate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 system in Groundnut. Globally, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious health issue. In areas where VAD is a significant issue, biofortification of staple crops is a practical and affordable way to provide micronutrients to populations with limited access to varied meals. In many developing nations, the commercial groundnut is a staple crop that ensures food security. The allotetraploid genome of groundnuts makes it challenging to introduce new features through traditional breeding. Nonetheless, provitamin A carotenoids (pVACs) in groundnuts may be improved with the application of contemporary biotechnology technologies. The Newline In this study, we used both gain-of-function (overexpression) and loss-of-function (CRISPR/Cas9) strategies to increase the content of pVACs. For genetic transformation, groundnut (GJG20) tissue culture was employed. 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS2) was found in the investigation. Groundnut genome-editing (GE) was first developed by using CRISPR/Cas9 to target phytoene desaturase (PDS), and then it was applied to lycopene epsilon-cyclase editing. superior to the control in terms of beta carotene equivalent. In contrast, lines that overexpressed PSY1 accumulated a considerable amount of lutein (up to around 3.2 times). Compared to the control, the LCYE-edited lines displayed a roughly three-fold increase in beta-carotene content and a decrease in both lutein and beta-carotene levels. The development of a nutritionally enhanced CRISPR/Cas9 method for South Asian countries with high VAD prevalence, like India, has advanced significantly with the current study. 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z http://10.9.150.37:8080/dspace//handle/atmiyauni/2288 Morpho-Physiological Studies on Micropropagated Rose as Influenced by Liquid Culture System and Culture Vessels Environment Nirmal, Dhaval Atulkumar; Joshi, Preetam Roses, from the genus Rosa, are cherished flowers known for their beauty, fragrance, and cultural symbolism, especially in love and romance. They hold economic importance in the floral, perfume, and cosmetic industries. Additionally, roses have therapeutic uses (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties), ecological benefits for pollinators, and culinary applications in teas and desserts. Their iconic appeal and versatility make roses valuable globally. This study has focused on exploring optimal in vitro propagation techniques for Rose, with an emphasis on the innovative use of a liquid culture system. Although conventional plant tissue culture typically employs agar-gelled semi-solid media, the high production costs associated with this method have driven the search for more efficient alternatives. This investigation undertook an in-depth study of various factors, including support materials, temporary immersion systems, types of culture vessels, and CO₂ enrichment, to assess the feasibility of a liquid culture system for micropropagating Rose. The results indicated that the liquid medium substantially outperformed the traditional semi-solid medium in promoting in vitro growth and shoot multiplication of Rose. The selection of support matrix was pivotal, with glass marbles identified as the best choice due to their inertness, ability to be autoclaved, and reusability. Implementing a temporary immersion system in the liquid medium brought significant advantages, enhancing both shoot elongation and multiplication, along with a marked increase in leaf area. CO₂ enrichment, especially in combination with sucrose, proved essential for achieving optimal in vitro plant growth, with the liquid medium showing superior results under CO₂-enriched conditions. Additionally, the choice of culture vessels, gelling agent, and rooting medium significantly impacted the overall growth and rooting ability of Rose. The liquid culture system consistently produced robust plants with improved traits and higher survival rates during in vitro hardening. Scanning electron microscopy and histological analyses revealed structural differences in leaf surfaces and root tissues, suggesting the potential for faster acclimatization in plants grown in liquid medium Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was conducted to verify the genetic stability of the propagated plants, confirming the consistency of micropropagules and plantlets across various growth conditions. This assurance of genetic fidelity reinforced the liquid culture system’s suitability for large-scale cultivation. In conclusion, implementing a liquid culture system with modified growth conditions provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional agar-gelled media for the micropropagation of Rose. This study’s findings offer valuable insights into optimizing in vitro conditions, improving plant growth and morpho-physiological development while ensuring genetic stability. These advancements open up new opportunities for economically sustainable large-scale rose cultivation, supporting progress in horticulture and floriculture. 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z http://10.9.150.37:8080/dspace//handle/atmiyauni/2287 Detection of Adulteration in Herbal Formulation Containing Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula using DNA Based Approach Travadi, Tasnim Hunedbhai; Joshi, Preetam; Joshi, Madhvi The increasing global demand for herbal medicines and dietary supplements, while offering potential health benefits, has also raised concerns about product quality and authenticity. Herbal products, often derived from traditional knowledge and practices, are susceptible to adulteration due to factors like species similarity and the surge in demand for specific therapeutic properties. This study focuses on three traditionally and economically important medicinal species, Terminalia bellirica (TB), Terminalia chebula (TC), and Phyllanthus emblica (PE), known for their therapeutic benefits and often subjected to adulteration. DNA-based methods tend to be more reliable, accurate and cost-effective for authentication. The isolating of high-quality amplifiable DNA from these plant species, especially in processed products, remains challenging. This is primarily due to the presence of polyphenols, which interfere with DNA extraction and amplification. To address this, the study developed an optimized DNA isolation protocol. This protocol incorporated specific buffer modifications to stabilize pH during extraction and introduced polyvinylpyrrolidone as a phenolic compound scavenger to minimize interference during cell lysis. The effectiveness of this optimized protocol was evaluated using the species-specific ITS-based SCAR markers, digital PCR and ITS2 metabarcode on six of each Baheda (TB fruit), Harde (TC fruit), Amala (PE fruits) and Triphala (containing three fruits of TB, TC, and PE) market formulation. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in DNA quality and quantity, leading to successful species identification. Furthermore, the study employed digital PCR (dPCR) to enhance sensitivity, achieving a two-fold increase compared to conventional PCR. This marks the first reported instance of a dPCR application for authenticating TB, TC, and PE. This research underscores the critical role of optimized DNA isolation protocols in ensuring the quality and authenticity of herbal products. By effectively addressing the challenges posed by polyphenols and employing sensitive detection methods like dPCR, this study provides a robust framework for authenticating herbal materials, ultimately contributing to consumer safety and confidence in the herbal medicine market. 2025-01-10T00:00:00Z