Evaluation of antimitotic activity of herbal extracts using plant‑based model systems and their cytotoxic potential against human colon carcinoma cells

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to screen plant extracts for antimitotic activity using Vigna radiata germination inhibition assay, followed by Allium cepa root tip assay and evaluation of their cytotoxic potential on colon carcinoma (HCT‑116) cell lines. Subjects and Methods: Aqueous extracts of Aconitum heterophyllum, Terminalia bellirica, Bauhinia variegata, Vanda roxburghii, and Cassia angustifolia were prepared by maceration method, and preliminary screening studies to check their antimitotic activity were done by V. radiata germination inhibition assay, followed by A. cepa root tip assay. Furthermore, cytotoxic actions were evaluated by cell proliferation assay. Effect of T. bellirica aqueous extract was analyzed to induce morphological changes, cell death, lactate dehydrogenase release, and cell survival of HCT‑116 cells. Statistical Analysis Used: The data represented were analyzed by Student’s t‑test using SigmaStat 2.0 statistical analysis software. The normality of data was tested by the Shapiro–Wilk test before the Student’s t‑test. P values *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, and ***P ≤ 0.001 were considered as statistically significant. Results: All the plant extracts showed promising antimitotic activity. Out of all, T. bellirica was highly effective on HCT‑116 cells and promising effect on cell proliferation assay and Annexin‑propidium iodide staining revealed that T. bellirica efficiently induces apoptosis. Conclusions: T. bellirica inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptotic cell death. Collectively, it may hold potential for cancer therapeutics