Abstract:
Roses, from the genus Rosa, are cherished flowers known for their beauty,
fragrance, and cultural symbolism, especially in love and romance. They hold economic
importance in the floral, perfume, and cosmetic industries. Additionally, roses have
therapeutic uses (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties), ecological benefits for
pollinators, and culinary applications in teas and desserts. Their iconic appeal and
versatility make roses valuable globally.
This study has focused on exploring optimal in vitro propagation techniques for
Rose, with an emphasis on the innovative use of a liquid culture system. Although
conventional plant tissue culture typically employs agar-gelled semi-solid media, the
high production costs associated with this method have driven the search for more
efficient alternatives.
This investigation undertook an in-depth study of various factors, including
support materials, temporary immersion systems, types of culture vessels, and CO₂
enrichment, to assess the feasibility of a liquid culture system for micropropagating
Rose. The results indicated that the liquid medium substantially outperformed the
traditional semi-solid medium in promoting in vitro growth and shoot multiplication of
Rose.
The selection of support matrix was pivotal, with glass marbles identified as the
best choice due to their inertness, ability to be autoclaved, and reusability.
Implementing a temporary immersion system in the liquid medium brought significant
advantages, enhancing both shoot elongation and multiplication, along with a marked
increase in leaf area. CO₂ enrichment, especially in combination with sucrose, proved
essential for achieving optimal in vitro plant growth, with the liquid medium showing
superior results under CO₂-enriched conditions.
Additionally, the choice of culture vessels, gelling agent, and rooting medium
significantly impacted the overall growth and rooting ability of Rose. The liquid culture
system consistently produced robust plants with improved traits and higher survival rates during in vitro hardening. Scanning electron microscopy and histological analyses
revealed structural differences in leaf surfaces and root tissues, suggesting the potential
for faster acclimatization in plants grown in liquid medium
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was conducted to
verify the genetic stability of the propagated plants, confirming the consistency of
micropropagules and plantlets across various growth conditions. This assurance of
genetic fidelity reinforced the liquid culture system’s suitability for large-scale
cultivation.
In conclusion, implementing a liquid culture system with modified growth
conditions provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional agar-gelled
media for the micropropagation of Rose. This study’s findings offer valuable insights
into optimizing in vitro conditions, improving plant growth and morpho-physiological
development while ensuring genetic stability. These advancements open up new
opportunities for economically sustainable large-scale rose cultivation, supporting
progress in horticulture and floriculture.
