For a graph G = (V, E), a set S ⊆ V is a restrained dominating set if every vertex not in S is adjacent to a vertex in S and to a vertex in V − S. The smallest cardinality of a restrained dominating set of G is called ...

We determine the energy of a graph obtained by means of graph operations on a given graph, and relate the energy of such a new graph with that of the given graph.

If G is a graph with vertex set V (G) then dominating set D⊆ V (G) is called total if every vertex of V (G) is adjacent to at least one vertex of D while it is called equitable if for every vertex u in V (G)− D there exists ...

If for any total dominating set D with ν ∈ V (G) − D there exists a vertex u ∈ D such that uν ∈ E (G) and |d(ν)−d(u)| ≤ 1 then D is called the total equitable dominating set. The minimum cardinality of the total equitable ...

A proper k - coloring of a graph G is a function f : V(G) → {1,2,..., k} such that f(u) 6= f(v) for all uv ∈ E(G). The color class Si is the subset of vertices of G that is assigned to color i. The chromatic number χ(G) ...

The zero divisor graph Γ(R) of a commutative ring R is a graph whose vertices are non-zero zero divisors of R and two vertices are adjacent if their product is zero. The characteristic polynomial of matrix M is defined ...

Recently, We defined Kasaj-topological space and weak open sets namely Kasaj-pre-open sets, Kasaj-semi-open sets, Kasaj-alpha-open sets, Kasaj-beta-open sets in Kasaj topological spaces and analyzed their basic properties. ...